“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解

 　　"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點、難點，又是近幾年高考的熱點，因此應給予充分的重視，現將it用法歸納如下：

　　一、It用作實詞

　　表達以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that;替代前文中的內容;指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事;指代時間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現象……

　　二、It用作形式主語

　　替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置於句尾。

　　It 作形式主語的常見句型：

　　1. 代作主語的動詞不定式，其句型為

　　(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.

　　此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…

　　例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.

　　(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.

　　此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.

　　例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.

　　(3) It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型

　　It's no good/use doing…

　　It's (well)worth doing…

　　It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do…

　　It's (well)worth while doing/ to do

　　例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.

　　2. It替代作主語的從句常見句型

　　(1) It is + noun +從句

　　例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.

　　(2) It is adj. +clause

　　It's surprising that… (should)………竟然……

　　It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……

　　例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)

　　(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause

　　It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze

　　/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…

　　例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)

　　(4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do

　　(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

　　例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)

　　(5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do

　　(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)

　　例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)

　　(6) It is v-ed that … (should)…

　　(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend

　　例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.

　　三、It作主語的句型

　　1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多長時間做某事

　　例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)

　　2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do…(不)像某人做某事的風格

　　例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.

　　3. It's (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是該做某事的時候了

　　例 It's(about/high) time that we should take action.

　　4. It's the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第幾次做某事了

　　例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.

　　5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延續性動詞) 某動作已有多長時間不發生了

　　例 It's 10 years that he lived here

　　6. It was(not)… before…過(不)了多長時間某動作發生了

　　例 It was not long before they arrived.

　　四、It 作形式賓語

　　用來替代作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置於句尾。

　　It 作形式賓語的常見句型：

　　1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

　　例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.

　　2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

　　例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.

　　3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)…

　　verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…

　　(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

　　例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.

　　4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)

　　例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.

　　5. v. +it + prep. + that…

　　owe it to sb. that…把…歸功於…

　　leave it to sb that…把…留給某人去做

　　take it for granted that …想當然

　　keep it in mind that…

　　例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.

　　6. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞後面，尤其是表示好惡的動詞後，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 賓語從句緊跟it之後

　　例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.

　　7. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞後面，賓語從句緊跟it之後(except that例外)

　　例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice.

　　五、強調句型

　　It is/was+被強調部分+ that(who)… 強調句型用來強調謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。當被強調部分是人時也可以用who。

　　在使用強調句型時需注意以下幾點：

　　1. 請注意強調句型的特殊疑問句

　　例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?

　　2. 在強調原因狀語從句時，只能強調由because所引導的從句

　　例 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.

　　3. 在強調not … until結構時必須把not與until一起放到被強調的位置上

　　例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.

　　4. 注意強調句型與定語從句的區別

　　例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 強調句型)

　　It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定語從句)

　　六、It 常用的固定搭配

　　1. make it

　　(1).在口語當中相當於succeed,表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達

　　例 It's hard to make it to the top in show business.

　　(2).在口語中相當於fix the date for,表示“約定好時間”

　　例 —Shall we meet next week?

　　—OK. We just make it next Saturday.

　　2. as it is

　　(1).相當於in fact, in reality表示“事實上，實際情況是……”

　　例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.

　　(2).相當於方式狀語從句，表示“照原樣”

　　例 Leave the table as it is.

　　3. as it were 相當於as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是說，可以說，換句話說”

　　例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.

　　4. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…用來引導虛擬語氣，相當於without, or but for, 表示“如果不是……，要不是……”

　　例 If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.

　　5. that's it

　　(1). 相當於That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此為止，沒有別的了”

　　例 You can have one more sweet, and that's it.

　　(2). 相當於 That's right.表示“對啦”

　　例 — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”

　　—That's it.

　　6. catch it 在口語中，相當於be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做錯事而挨駡，受責備，受批評，受懲罰”

　　例 We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.

　　7. have it

　　(1).相當於say, insist表示“說，主張，表明，硬說”

　　例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.

　　(2).相當於get to know something,表示“瞭解，知道，獲悉”

　　例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.

　　8. have what it takes在口語中，相當於be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的條件”

　　例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.

　　9. so it seems / appears.

　　10. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相當於go on,表示“繼續做，不放棄”

　　例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.

　　11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命幹, 莽撞

　　12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.)

　　13. Now you'll catch it! (You'll be punished.)

　　14. As it happened, … 在口語中，相當於it's a pity that…, 表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾”

　　例 As it happened, they were out.

　　15. As it turned out,…在口語中，相當於it was found to be in the end, 表示“最後被證明是”

　　例 As it turned out, his statement was false.

　　16. Such as it is(they are) 在口語中，相當於although it may not be worth much, 表示“雖然沒有多大價值”

　　例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.

　　17. Take it/things easy. 相當於Don't worry or don't hurry. 用來勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔心，存住氣”

　　例 Take it easy! He will do it well.

　　18. Take it from me.在口語中，相當於believe me what I say.表示“請相信我的話，我敢擔保”

　　例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time.

　　19. For what it is worth…在口語中，相當於although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其價值如何”

　　例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth.

　　20. Worth it 在口語中，相當於useful, 表示“有好處，值得做”

　　例 Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it.

　　21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”

　　例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.

　　22. Take it or leave it. v. 要麼接受要麼放棄

　　例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.

　　23. It all depends/that all depends 在口語中，相當於it hasn't been decided yet, 表示“那得看情況，還沒有定下來”

　　例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday?

　　—It/That all depends.

　　24. It's up to sb. 在口語中，相當於it's decided by sb. 表示“由……決定，由……負責，取決於……”

　　例 —Shall we go out for dinner?

　　—It's up to you.